Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II (VKI)

Invesco Bond Fund (VBF)

Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust (VCV)

Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund (VTA)

Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund (IHIT)

Invesco High Income 2024 Target Term Fund (IHTA)

Invesco High Income Trust II (VLT)

Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust (OIA)

Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust (VMO)

Invesco Municipal Trust (VKQ)

Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust (VPV)

Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust (IQI)

Invesco Senior Income Trust (VVR)

Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals (VGM)

Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals (VTN)

Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust (IIM)

11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000

Houston, Texas 77046-1173

NOTICE OF JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

To Be Held August 9, 20186, 2021

Notice is hereby given to the holders of common shares of beneficial interest (the “Common Shares”) and, as applicable, the holders of preferred shares of beneficial interest (the “Preferred Shares”) of each Invescoclosed-end fund listed above (each a “Fund” and together the “Funds”) that the Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Funds (the “Meeting”) will be held at 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173,online via live webcast, on August 9, 20186, 2021 at 1:2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time.

The Meeting is to be held for the following purpose:purposes:

1. Proposal 1: To elect trustees in the following manner:

Each elected trustee will serve for a three-year term or until a successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.

2. Proposal 2: For Invesco Bond Fund, to approve the removal of the fundamental restriction prohibiting investments in options that are not options on debt securities or in closing purchase transactions, as reflected in Invesco Bond Fund’s registration statement.

In addition, any other business as may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournments thereof will be transacted at the Meeting.

Holders of record of the Common Shares and, where applicable, Preferred Shares, of each Fund on May 21, 201810, 2021 are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Meeting and any adjournment thereof.

THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF EACH FUND UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU CAST YOUR VOTE FOR ALL OF THE NOMINEES TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES LISTED IN THE JOINT PROXY STATEMENT.STATEMENT AND FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL RESTRICTION OF INVESCO BOND FUND.

By order of the Board of Trustees,

Jeffrey H. Kupor

Senior Vice President,

Chief Legal Officer and Secretary

June 25, 201828, 2021

IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOUR SHARES BE REPRESENTED AT THE MEETING IN PERSONVIRTUALLY OR BY PROXY. PLEASE PROMPTLY SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD(S) IN THE ACCOMPANYING POSTAGE-PAID ENVELOPE OR VOTE BY TELEPHONE OR THROUGH THE INTERNET PURSUANT TO THE INSTRUCTIONS ON THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD(S), REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE MEETING.

If you attend the Meeting and wish to vote in person,at the Meeting, you will be able to do so and your vote at the Meeting will revoke any proxy you may have submitted. Merely attending the Meeting, however, will not revoke a previously given proxy.

In order to avoid the additional expense of further solicitation, we ask that you mail your proxy card(s) or record your voting instructions by telephone or via the internet promptly.

Your vote is extremely important. No matter how many or how few shares you own, please send in your proxy card(s), or vote by telephone or the internet today.

Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II (VKI)

Invesco Bond Fund (VBF)

Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust (VCV)

Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund (VTA)

Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund (IHIT)

Invesco High Income 2024 Target Term Fund (IHTA)

Invesco High Income Trust II (VLT)

Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust (OIA)

Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust (VMO)

Invesco Municipal Trust (VKQ)

Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust (VPV)

Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust (IQI)

Invesco Senior Income Trust (VVR)

Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals (VGM)

Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals (VTN)

Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust (IIM)

11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000

Houston, Texas 77046-1173

JOINT PROXY STATEMENT

FOR

JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

To be Held August 9, 20186, 2021

INTRODUCTION

This Joint Proxy Statement is being furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Boards of Trustees (the “Board”) of each fund listed above (each a “Fund”“Fund” and together the “Funds”). The proxies are to be voted at a Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Funds, and all adjournments thereof (the “Meeting”), to be held at 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173,online via live webcast on August 9, 2018,6, 2021, at 1:2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time. The Meeting will be an annual meeting for each Fund. The approximate mailing date of this Joint Proxy Statement and accompanying proxy cards is on or about June 25, 2018.28, 2021.

Participating in the Meeting are holders of common shares of beneficial interest (the “Common Shares”) and, where applicable, the holders of preferred shares of beneficial interest (the “Preferred Shares”) of each Fund as set forth inAnnex A to this Joint Proxy Statement. The Common Shares and the Preferred Shares of the Funds are sometimes referred to herein collectively as the “Shares.” The Board has fixed May 21, 201810, 2021 as the record date (the “Record Date”) for the determination of holders of Shares of each Fund entitled to vote at the Meeting.

The Common Shares of each of the Funds are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). The NYSE ticker symbol of each Fund and the amount of Common Shares and Preferred Shares outstanding as of the Record Date are shown inAnnex A to this Joint Proxy Statement. Each Fund is aclosed-end fund organized as a Delaware statutory trust.

The Meeting is scheduled as a joint meeting because the shareholders of the Funds are expected to consider and vote on similar matters. In the event that a shareholder of any Fund present at the Meeting objects to the holding of a joint meeting and moves for an

adjournment of the meeting of such Fund to a time immediately after the Meeting so that

such Fund’s meeting may be held separately, the persons named as proxies will vote in favor of the adjournment.

If you have any questions about the information set forth in this Joint Proxy Statement, please contact us at the24-hour Automated Investor Line at1-800-341-2929, Option 1 or visit our website at www.invesco.com/us.

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Meeting

This Joint Proxy Statement and a copy of the proxy cards (together, the “Proxy Materials”) are available athttps://proxyonline.com/docs/Invesco2018/www.proxy-direct.com/inv-32121. The Proxy Materials will be available on the internet through the day of the Meeting.

Each Fund will furnish, without charge, a copy of its most recent annual report (and the most recent semiannual report succeeding the annual report, if any) to any shareholder upon request. Any such request should be directed to the Secretary of the respective Fund by calling1-800-341-2929, or by writing to the Secretary of the respective Fund at 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173.

Only one copy of this proxy statement will be delivered to multiple shareholders sharing an address unless we have received contrary instructions from one or more of the shareholders. Upon request, we will deliver a separate copy of this proxy statement to a shareholder at a shared address to which a single copy of this proxy statement was delivered. Any shareholder who wishes to receive a separate proxy statement should contact their Fund at1-800-331-7543.1-866-436-0784.

The Proposals

The following summarizes the proposals that will be presented at the Meeting and that the shareholders are entitled to vote upon (collectively, “Proposals”). The Board unanimously approved the Proposals and has determined that the Proposals are in the best interests of your Fund.

Proposal 1: Election of Trustees

The following table summarizes the proposal concerning trustee elections to be presented at the Meeting and the shareholders entitled to vote (the “Proposal”“Election Proposal”). The Board unanimously approved the Proposal and recommends that shareholders vote in favor of the Proposal.

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Proposal 2: Removal of Fundamental Restriction

In addition, shareholders of Invesco Bond Fund are being asked to approve the removal of the fundamental restriction prohibiting investments in options that are not options on debt securities or in closing purchase transactions (“Fundamental Restriction Proposal”). Specifically, shareholders of the Fund are being asked to approve the removal of the Fund’s fundamental restriction disclosed in its registration statement that states that the Fund may not “invest in puts, calls or combinations of both except that the [Fund] may write listed covered call options and cash-secured puts on debt securities and may purchase put and call options in closing purchase transactions.”

The removal of the fundamental restriction will provide additional diversified investment opportunities to achieve Invesco Bond Fund’s investment objective by enhancing opportunities for generating alpha (return on investments in excess of the benchmark index) and improving risk management through the use of options. In connection with the removal of the fundamental restriction, the Fund will have greater exposure to the risks associated with investing in options, including changes in the market price of the underlying reference asset, liquidity risk, and substantial losses if the options strategy is not successful. These additional risks are further discussed below and will be disclosed to shareholders via press release and in Invesco Bond Fund’s shareholder reports.

Voting at the Meeting

Shareholders of a Fund on the Record Date are entitled to one vote per Share, and a proportional vote for each fractional Share, with respect to theeach Proposal, with no Share having cumulative voting rights. The voting requirement for passage of a particular Proposal depends on the nature of the Proposal. The voting requirement for each Proposal is described below. A majority of the outstanding Shares of a Fund entitled to vote at the Meeting must be present in personat the Meeting or represented by proxy to have a quorum for such Fund to conduct business at the Meeting.

Due to the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) and to support the health and well-being of the Funds’ shareholders, employees, and community, the Meeting this year will be conducted exclusively online via live webcast. Shareholders may attend the Meeting online by visiting http://www.meetings.computershare.com/MM6Q9FC. To participate in the Meeting, shareholders will need to follow the instructions included herein. The Meeting will begin promptly at 2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time. The Funds encourage you to access the Meeting prior to the start time leaving ample time for the check in. If you intendexperience technical difficulties prior to or during the Meeting, you may call 1-866-856-3065 for technical assistance. All shareholders will be required to enter their individual control number in order to enter the Meeting. Only shareholders of the Funds will be able to participate in the Meeting.

Please follow the instructions on your proxy card. If you are a registered shareholder (i.e., you hold your Shares through the Funds’ transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (“Computershare”)), you do not need to register to attend the Meeting in person and you are a record holder of a Fund’s Shares, in ordervirtually online via live webcast. Your individual control number, which is required to gain admission you must show photographic identification, such as your driver’s license. If you intend to attendenter the Meeting, in person andis included on your proxy card(s) accompanying this Joint Proxy Statement.

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If you hold your Sharesshares through an intermediary, such as a bank, broker or other custodian (i.e., in “street name”), you must register in advance to access your individual control number in order to gain admissionattend the Meeting virtually online via live webcast using the instructions below. To register and receive your individual control number to attend the Meeting online, you must show photographic identification, such as your driver’s license, and satisfactorysubmit proof of ownership of Shares of a Fund, such as your voting instruction form (or a copy thereof) or a broker’s statement indicating ownership as of a recent date.

If you hold your Shares in “street name,” you will not be able to vote your Shares in person at the Meeting unless you have previously requested and obtained a “proxy power (“legal proxy”) reflecting your holdings in the Fund(s) along with your name and email address to Computershare in accordance with the directions below. Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than August 2, 2021. You will receive a confirmation of your registration and your individual control number by email after Computershare receives your registration information. Requests for registration for the Meeting should be directed to Computershare as follows:

By email:

Forward the email from your broker, bank or other nominee and present it at the Meeting.attach an image of your legal proxy, to shareholdermeetings@computershare.com

By mail:

Computershare Fund Services

Shareholder Meeting/Legal Proxy

P.O. Box 43001

Providence, RI 02940-3001

You may contact the Funds at1-800-341-2929, Option 2 to obtain directions toinformation about attending the site of the Meeting.Meeting virtually.

The Funds do not know of any business other than the ProposalProposals that will, or is proposed to be, presented for consideration at the Meeting. If any other matters are properly presented, the persons named on the enclosed proxy cards shall vote proxies in accordance with their best judgment.

Required Vote

With respect to Proposal 1(a),1 for VGM, VTN, VKQ, VMO, VVR, VKI, VCV, VPV, IQI, IIM and OIA, holders of Common Shares and holders of Preferred Shares of each applicable Fund will vote together as a single class for the respective Nominees. The affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares of each such Fund present in personat the Meeting or represented by proxy and entitled to vote is required to elect each Nominee for Trustee of such Fund designated to be elected by the holders of the Common Shares and the holders of Preferred Shares of such Fund, voting together as a single class.

With respect to Proposal 1(b),1 for VBF, VLT, IHIT and IHTA, holders of Common Shares of each applicable Fund will vote for the respective Nominees. The affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares of each such Fund present in personat the Meeting or represented by proxy and entitled to vote is required to elect each Nominee for Trustee of such Fund designated to be elected by the holders of the Common Shares of such Fund. VBF, VLT, IHIT and IHTA currently do not offer Preferred Shares.

A quorum, which

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With respect to Proposal 2, holders of Common Shares of Invesco Bond Fund will vote together as a single class. The affirmative vote of the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the shares present at the Meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of Invesco Bond Fund’s outstanding shares are present or represented by proxy; or (b) more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding shares is required to eliminate the fundamental restriction for each Fund,the Fund. This voting standard is often referred to as a “1940 Act Vote.”

The voting standards to approve Proposal 1 and Proposal 2 differ because the Funds’ governing documents specify that an affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding Sharesshares of aeach such Fund present in personat the Meeting or represented by proxy and entitled to vote atis required to elect trustees, while the Meeting.Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), in conjunction with the Funds’ registration statements and governing documents, specify that a 1940 Act Vote is required for changes to fundamental investment restrictions.

All Shares represented by properly executed proxies received prior to the Meeting will be voted at the Meeting in accordance with the instructions marked thereon. Proxies on which no vote is indicated will be voted “FOR” each Proposal as to which they are entitled

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to be voted. Proxies marked “WITHHOLD”“WITHHOLD,” which is the equivalent of an abstention, will not be voted “FOR” each Proposal, but will be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present, and will therefore have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST.“against.”

An unfavorable vote on thea Proposal by the shareholders of one Fund will not affect the implementation of thesuch Proposal by another Fund if the Proposal is approved by the shareholders of the other Fund. An unfavorable vote on a Proposal by the shareholders of a Fund will not affect such Fund’s implementation of other Proposals that receive a favorable vote. There is no cumulative voting with respect to the election of Trustees or any other matter.

Abstentions and BrokerNon-Votes

Abstentions and brokernon-votes will not count as votes in favor of the Proposal, but will be deemed to be present at the Meeting for purposes of determining a quorum. Brokernon-votes arise when shares are held by brokers or nominees, typically in “street name,” and (i) instructions have not been received from the beneficial owners or persons entitled to vote and (ii) the broker or nominee does not have discretionary voting power on a particular matter.

With respect to the Election Proposal, under the rules of the NYSE, brokers may vote in their discretion on the election of trustees of aclosed-end fund. As a result,Under the rules of the NYSE, beneficial owners who do not provide proxy instructions or who do not return a proxy card may have their Shares voted by their brokers in favor of the Election Proposal. Abstentions will have the same effect as a vote against a Trustee Nominee. Broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries who are not members of the NYSE may be subject to other rules, which may or may not permit them to vote your shares without instruction.

With respect to the Fundamental Restriction Proposal, broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote against. Broker non-votes will be deemed present for quorum purposes.

We urge you to provide instructions to your broker or nominee to ensure that your votes may be counted.

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Revoking a Proxy

Shareholders who execute proxies may revoke them at any time before they are voted by filing a written notice of revocation before the Meeting with the respective Fund, by delivering a duly executed proxy bearing a later date, by attending the Meeting and voting in person,virtually via online webcast, by filing a revocation using any electronic, telephonic, computerized or other alternative means, or by written notice of the death or incapacity of the maker of the proxy received by the Fund prior to the Meeting. Shareholders who wish to vote at the Meeting and who hold their shares in “street name” through a brokerage or similar account should obtain a “legal proxy” from their broker in order to vote at the Meeting.Meeting and follow the instructions detailed above.

Adjourning the Meeting

With respect to each Fund, the vote of the holders ofone-third of the Shares cast whether or not a quorum is present, or the chair of the Meeting in his or her discretion, will have the power to adjourn the Meeting with regard to a particular proposal scheduled to be voted on at the Meeting or to adjourn the Meeting entirely from time to time without notice.

Provided a quorum is present, any business may be transacted at such adjourned meeting that might have been transacted at the Meeting as originally notified. A meeting may be adjourned from time to time without further notice to shareholders to a date not more than

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120 days after the original meeting date for such meeting. In voting for the adjournment, the persons named as proxies may vote their proxies in favor of one or more adjournments of the Meeting, or the chair of the Meeting may call an adjournment, provided such persons determine that such adjournment is reasonable and in the best interests of shareholders and the Funds, based on a consideration of such factors as they may deem relevant.

THE BOARD OF EACH FUND UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU CAST YOUR VOTE FOR ALL OF THE NOMINEES IN THE ELECTION PROPOSAL AND FOR THE FUNDAMENTAL RESTRICTION PROPOSAL.

Investment Adviser of the Funds

The investment adviser for each Fund is Invesco Advisers, Inc. (the “Adviser”). The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. The Adviser is located at 1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309. The Adviser, as successor in interest to multiple investment advisers, has been an investment adviser since 1976.

Sub-Advisers of the Funds

The Adviser has entered into asub-advisory agreement with certain affiliates to serve assub-advisers to each Fund (except IHIT and IHTA), pursuant to which these affiliatedsub-advisers may be appointed by the Adviser from time to time to provide discretionary investment management services, investment advice, and/or order execution services to the Funds. The affiliatedsub-advisers, each of which is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 are Invesco Asset Management Deutschland GmbH, Invesco Asset Management Limited, Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited, Invesco

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Hong Kong Limited, Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc,Inc., and Invesco Canada Ltd. (each a “Sub-Adviser” and collectively, the “Sub-Advisers”). EachSub-Adviser is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd.

Other Service Providers of the Funds

Administration Services

Each Fund has entered into a master administrative services agreement with the Adviser, pursuant to which the Adviser performs or arranges for the provision of accounting and other administrative services to each Fund which are not required to be performed by the Adviser under its investment advisory agreement with each Fund. Pursuant to a subcontract for administrative services with the Adviser, State Street Bank and Trust Company performs certain administrative functions for the Funds. State Street Bank and Trust Company is located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110-2801. VVRInvesco Senior Income Trust has also entered into an additional administration agreement with the Adviser. Each Fund has also entered into a support services agreement with Invesco Investment Services, Inc. The principal business address of Invesco Investment Services, Inc. is 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173.

Custodian and Transfer Agent

The custodian for each Fund is State Street Bank and Trust Company, located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110-2801. The transfer agent for each Fund is Computershare Trust Company, N.A., located at P.O. Box 43078, Providence, Rhode Island 02940-3078.150 Royall Street, Canton, MA 02021.

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THE PROPOSAL:PROPOSALS

PROPOSAL 1: ELECTION OF TRUSTEES PROPOSAL

With respect to each of Invesco Bond Fund, Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund, and Invesco High Income 2024 Target Term Fund and Invesco High Income Trust II, holders of Common Shares will vote with respect to the election of Bruce L. Crockett, Jack M. Fields, Martin L. Flanagan, andElizabeth Krentzman, Robert C. Troccoli.Troccoli and James D. Vaughn.

With respect to each of Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II, Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust, Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund, Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust, Invesco Municipal Trust, Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust, Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust, Invesco Senior Income Trust, Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals, Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals, Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust and Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust, holders of Common Shares and holders of Preferred Shares of each of these Funds will vote together with respect to the election of Bruce L. Crockett, Jack M. Fields, Martin L. Flanagan, andElizabeth Krentzman, Robert C. Troccoli.Troccoli and James D. Vaughn.

All Nominees have consented to being named in this Joint Proxy Statement and have agreed to serve if elected.

If elected, each Trustee will serve until the later of such Fund’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders in 20212024 or until his or her successor has been duly elected and qualified. As in the past, only one class of Trustees is being submitted to shareholders of each Fund for election at the Meeting. Each Fund’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (each, a “Declaration“Declaration of Trust”Trust”) provides that the Board shall be divided into three classes. For each Fund, only one class of Trustees is elected at each annual meeting, so that the regular term of only one class of Trustees will expire annually and any particular Trustee stands for election only once in each three-year period. The foregoing is subject to the provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act,”), applicable Delaware state law, each Fund’s Declaration of Trust and each Fund’s Bylaws.

In the case of any vacancy on the Board, each Fund’s Declaration of Trust provides that the remaining Trustees may fill such vacancy by appointing a replacement to serve for the remaindersize of the termBoard shall be automatically reduced by the number of vacancies unless or reduceuntil the Board by resolution expressly maintains or increases the size of the Board. In the case of a vacancy arising from a Board resolution to maintain or increase the size of the Board, the remaining Trustees may fill such vacancy or add additional Board members, as the case may be, by appointing a replacement meeting the Trustee qualifications outlined in each Funds’ Declaration of Trust to serve for the remainder of the term of the Board position previously vacated. In the case of a vacancy of a Preferred Shares Trustee arising from a Board resolution to maintain or increase the size of the Board, the remaining Trustees may designate a Trustee to serve as a “Preferred Shares Trustee” for the remainder of the term.term of the Board position previously vacated.

With the exception of the Preferred Shares Trustee, the class of Trustees up for election in any given year is the same for each Fund.

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The following table indicates all current Trustees in each such class and the period for which each class currently serves:

Information Regarding the Trustees

The business and affairs of the Funds are managed under the direction of the Board. This section of this Joint Proxy Statement provides you with information regarding each incumbent Trustee that is proposed to serve on the Board. Trustees of the Funds generally serve three-year terms or until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The tables below list the Trustees, their principal occupations, other directorships held by them during the past five years, and any affiliations with the Adviser or its affiliates. If all of the Trustees are elected, the Board will be composed of 1315 Trustees, including 1114 Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Funds, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (collectively, the “Independent Trustees” and each an “Independent Trustee”).

As used in this Joint Proxy Statement, the term “Invesco Fund Complex” includes each of theopen-end andclosed-end registered investment companies advised primarily by the Adviser as of the Record Date. As of the date of this Joint Proxy Statement, there were 158184 funds in the Invesco Fund Complex.

The mailing address of each Trustee is 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173.

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8

9

10

11

12

12

13

14

1315

1416

1517

Board Meetings

In addition to regularly scheduled meetings each year, the Board holds special meetings and/or conference calls to discuss specific matters that may require action prior to the next regular meeting. The Board met nine times during the fiscal year ended February 28, 20182021 and each independent Trustee attended at least 75% of the aggregate of: (i) all regular meetings of the Board during which time such independent Trustee served and (ii) all meetings of the committees of the Board on which the Trustee served. Trustees are encouraged to attend regular shareholder meetings, but the Board has no set policy requiring Board member attendance at such meetings.

Board Leadership Structure

The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman of the Board.Chair. The Chairman’sChair’s primary role is to participatepreside at meetings of the Board and act as a liaison with the Adviser and other service providers, officers (including the Senior Officer of each Fund), attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. The Chair also participates in the preparation of the agenda for the meetings of the Board, and the identification of information to be presented to the Board and matters to be acted upon by the Board. The Chairman also presides at all meetings of the Board and acts as a liaisonis active with service providers, officers, attorneys,mutual fund industry organizations, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified herein or pursuant to each Fund’s Declaration of Trust or Bylaws, the appointment, designation or identification of a Fund’s charter documents,Trustee as the designationChairman of Chairman doesthe Board, a member or chair of a committee of the Trustees, an expert on any topic or in any area (including an audit committee financial expert), or the lead Independent Trustee, shall not impose on such Independent Trusteethat person any duties, obligationsstandard of care or liability that is greater than the duties, obligations or liability otherwisethat imposed on suchthat person as a memberTrustee in the absence of that appointment, designation or identification,

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and no Trustee who has special skills or expertise, or is appointed, designated or identified as aforesaid, shall be held to a higher standard of care by virtue thereof.

The Board believes that its leadership structure, including having an Independent Trustee as Chair, allows for effective communication between the Trustees and management, among the Trustees and among the Independent Trustees. The existing Board structure, including its committee structure as discussed below, provides the Independent Trustees with effective control over Board governance while also allowing them to receive and benefit from insight from the interested Trustee who is an active officer of the Board, generally. As discussed below,Funds’ investment adviser. The Board’s leadership structure promotes dialogue and debate, which the Board has established committees to assistbelieves allows for the Board in performing its oversight responsibilities. It is believed that such structure assures that proper consideration is given at Board meetings toof matters deemed important to each Fundthe Funds and its shareholders.their shareholders and results in effective decision-making.

Board Qualifications and Experience

Interested Trustees.Trustee.

Martin L. Flanagan, Trustee and Vice Chair

Martin L. Flanagan has been a member of the Board of Trustees and Vice Chair of the Invesco Funds since 2007. Mr. Flanagan is president and chief executive officer of Invesco Ltd., a position he has held since August 2005. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Invesco Ltd.

Mr. Flanagan joined Invesco, Ltd. from Franklin Resources, Inc., where he was president andco-chief executive officer from January 2004 to July 2005. Previously, he had been Franklin’sco-president from May 2003 to January 2004, chief operating officer and chief financial officer from November 1999 to May 2003, and senior vice president and chief financial officer from 1993 until November 1999.

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Mr. Flanagan served as director, executive vice president and chief operating officer of Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger, Ltd. before its acquisition by Franklin in 1992. Before joining Templeton in 1983, he worked with Arthur Andersen & Co.

Mr. Flanagan is a chartered financial analyst and a certified public accountant. He serves as vice chairman of the Investment Company Institute and is a member of the executive board at the SMU Cox School of Business.

The Board believes that Mr. Flanagan’s long experience as an executive in the investment management area benefits the Funds.

Philip A. Taylor, TrusteeIndependent Trustees.

Philip A. TaylorChristopher L. Wilson, Trustee and Chair

Christopher L. Wilson has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2006. Mr. Taylor has headed Invesco’s North American retail business as Senior Managing Director of Invesco Ltd.2017 and Chair since April 2006.January 2021. He previously served as chief executive officerChair Designate since March 2019 and Vice Chair since June 2019.

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Mr. Wilson started a career in the investment management business in 1980. From 2004 to 2009, Mr. Wilson served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Invesco Trimark Investments since January 2002.Columbia Funds, a mutual fund complex with over $350 billion in assets. From 2009 to 2017, Mr. Wilson served as a Managing Partner of CT2, LLC, an early stage investing and consulting firm for start-up companies.

From 2014 to 2016, Mr. Wilson served as a member of the Board of Directors of the mutual fund company managed by TDAM USA Inc., an affiliate of TD Bank, N.A.

From 2011 to 2020, Mr. Wilson served as a member of the Board of Directors of ISO New England, Inc., the company that establishes the wholesale electricity market and manages the electrical power grid in New England. Mr. Wilson served as the chair of the Audit and Finance Committee, which also oversaw cybersecurity, and was a member of the systems planning committee of ISO-NE, Inc. He also previously served as chair of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and was a member of the Markets Committee.

Mr. Taylor joined Invesco in 1999Wilson currently serves as senior vice presidenta Board member of operations and client services and later became executive vice president and chief operating officer.

Mr. Taylor was president of Canadian retail broker Investors Group Securities from 1994 to 1997 and managing partner of Meridian Securities, an execution and clearing broker, from 1989 to 1994. He held various management positions with Royal Trust, now part of Royal Bank of Canada, from 1982 to 1989. He began his career in consumer brand management in the U.S. and Canada with Richardson-Vicks, now part of Procter & Gamble.enaible Inc., a technology company focused on providing artificial intelligence solutions.

The Board believes that Mr. Taylor’s long experience in theWilson’s knowledge of financial services and investment management, business benefitshis experience as a director and audit committee member of other companies, including a mutual fund company, and other professional experience gained through his prior employment benefit the Funds.

Independent Trustees.Beth Ann Brown, Trustee

Bruce L. Crockett, Trustee and Chair

Bruce L. CrockettBeth Ann Brown has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 1978, and2019. From 2016 to 2019, Ms. Brown served on the boards of certain investment companies in the Oppenheimer Funds complex.

Ms. Brown has served as Director of Caron Engineering, Inc. since 2018 and as an Independent Chair of the Board of Trustees and their predecessor fundsConsultant since 2004.

Mr. Crockett has more than 30 years of experience in finance and general management in the banking, aerospace and telecommunications industries. From 1992 to 1996, he served as president, chief executive officer and a director of COMSAT Corporation, an international satellite and wireless telecommunications company.

Mr. CrockettSeptember 2012. Since 2013, she has also served since 1996, as chairmanDirector, Vice President (through 2019) and President (since 2019) of Crockett Technologies Associates,Grahamtastic Connection, a strategic consulting firm that provides servicesnon-profit organization.

Previously, Ms. Brown served in various capacities at Columbia Management Investment Advisers LLC, including Head of Intermediary Distribution, Managing Director, Strategic Relations and Managing Director, Head of National Accounts. She also served as Senior Vice President, National Account Manager from 2002-2004 and Senior Vice President, Key Account Manager from 1999 to the information technology2002 of Liberty Funds Distributor, Inc.

From 2014 and communications industries. Mr. Crockett also serves2017, Ms. Brown served on the Board of ALPS (Attorneys Liability Protection Society)Advisors of Caron Engineering Inc. and Ferroglobe PLC (metallurgical company) and he is a life trustee of the University of Rochester Board of Trustees. He is a member of the Audit Committee of Ferroglobe PLC.

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The Board of Trustees elected Mr. Crockett to serve as its Independent Chair because of his extensive experience in managing public companies and familiarity with investment companies.

David C. Arch, Trustee

David C. Arch has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds and their predecessor funds since 2010. From 1984 to 2010, Mr. Archalso served as President and Director or Trustee of investment companies in the Van Kampen Funds complex.

Mr. Arch is the Chairman of Blistex Inc.,Acton Shapleigh Youth Conservation Corps, a consumer health care products manufacturer. Mr. Arch is a member of the Board of the Illinois Manufacturers’ Association and a member of the World Presidents’ Organization.non–profit organization, from 2012 to 2015.

The Board believes that Mr. Arch’sMs. Brown’s experience in financial services and investment management and as the CEOa director of a public company and his experience withother investment companies benefits the Funds.

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Jack M. Fields, Trustee

Jack M. Fields has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 1997.

Mr. Fields served as a member of Congress, representing the 8th Congressional District of Texas from 1980 to 1997. As a member of Congress, Mr. Fields served as Chairman of the House Telecommunications and Finance Subcommittee, which has jurisdiction and oversight of the Federal Communications Commission and the SEC. Mr. Fieldsco-sponsored the National Securities Markets Improvements Act of 1996, and played a leadership role in enactment of the Securities Litigation Reform Act. In addition, Mr. Fields led the effort to reform telecommunications policy which resulted in the passage of The Telecommunications Act of 1996, which was the first major reform of telecommunications policy since 1934.

Mr. Fields currently serves as Chief Executive Officer of the Twenty-First Century Group, Inc. in Washington, D.C., a bipartisan Washington consulting firm specializing in Federal government affairs. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Baylor College of Medicine.

Mr. Fields also served as a Director of Insperity, Inc. (formerly known as Administaff), a premier professional employer organization with clients nationwide until 2015. In addition, Mr. Fields serves as Chairman and sits on the Boarda board member of Discovery Learning Alliance,Impact(Ed), a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing educational resources to people in need around the world through the use of technology.

The Board believes that Mr. Fields’ experience in the House of Representatives, especially concerning regulation of the securities markets, benefits the Funds.

Cynthia Hostetler, Trustee

Cynthia Hostetler has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2017.

Ms. Hostetler is currently a member of the board of directors of the Vulcan Materials Company, a public company engaged in the production and distribution of construction

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materials, and Trilinc Global Impact Fund LLC, a publicly registerednon-traded limited liability company that invests in a diversified portfolio of private debt instruments. instruments, and Resideo Technologies, Inc., a public company that manufactures and distributes smart home security products and solutions worldwide. Ms. Hostetler also serves on the board of governors of the Investment Company Institute and is a member of the governing council of the Independent Directors Council, both of which are professional organizations in the investment management industry. Ms. Hostetler is also a member of the board of directors of the Eisenhower Foundation, a non-profit organization.

Previously, Ms. Hostetler served as a member of the board of directors/trustees of Aberdeen Investment Funds, a mutual fund complex andfrom 2013 to 2017; Edgen Group Inc., a public company that provides products and services to energy and construction companies,

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from 2012 to 2013, prior to its sale to Sumitomo.Sumitomo, and Genesee & Wyoming, Inc., a public company that owns and operates railroads worldwide, from 2018 to 2019, prior to its sale to Brookfield Asset Management.

From 2001 to 2009 Ms. Hostetler served as Head of Investment Funds and Private Equity at Overseas Private Investment Corporation (“OPIC”OPIC”), a government agency that supports USU.S. investment in the emerging markets. Ms. Hostetler oversaw a multi-billion dollar investment portfolio in private equity funds. Prior to joining OPIC, Ms. Hostetler served as President and member of the board of directors of First Manhattan Bancorporation, a bank holding company, from 1991 to 2007, and its largest subsidiary, First Savings Bank, from 1991 to 2001.2006 (Board Member) and from 1996 to 2001 (President).

The Board believes that Ms. Hostetler’s knowledge of financial services and investment management, her experience as a director of other companies, including a mutual fund complex, her legal background, and other professional experience gained through her prior employment benefit the Funds.

Dr. Eli Jones, Trustee

Dr. Eli Jones has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2016.

Dr. Jones is the dean of the Mays Business School at Texas A&M University and holder of the Peggy Pitman Mays Eminent Scholar Chair in Business. Prior to his current position, Dr. Jones has served as a director of Insperity, Inc. since Aprilfrom 2004 to 2016 and iswas chair of the Compensation Committee and a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Prior to his current position, fromFrom 2012-2015, Dr. Jones was the dean of the Sam M. Walton College of Business at the University of Arkansas and holder of the Sam M. Walton Leadership Chair in Business. Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Arkansas, he was dean of the E. J. Ourso College of Business and Ourso Distinguished Professor of Business at Louisiana State University from 2008 to 2012; professor of marketing and associate dean at the C.T. Bauer College of Business at the University of Houston from 2007 to 2008; an associate professor of marketing from 2002 to 2007; and an assistant professor from 1997 until 2002. He taught at Texas A&M University for several years before joining the faculty of the University of Houston.

Dr. Jones served as the executive director of the Program for Excellence in Selling and the Sales Excellence Institute at the University of Houston from 1997 to 2007. Before becoming a professor, he worked in sales and sales management for three Fortune 100 companies: Quaker Oats, Nabisco, andFrito-Lay. Dr. Jones is a past director of Arvest Bank. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in journalism in 1982, his MBA in 1986 and his Ph.D. in 1997, all from Texas A&M University.

The Board believes that Dr. Jones’ experience in academia and his experience in marketing benefits the Funds.

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Elizabeth Krentzman, Trustee

Elizabeth Krentzman has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2019.

From 2014 to 2019, Ms. Krentzman served on the boards of certain investment companies in the Oppenheimer Funds complex. Ms. Krentzman currently serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Florida National Board Foundation. She is a member of the Cartica Funds Board of Directors (private investment funds). Ms. Krentzman is also a member of the Board of Trustees and Audit Committee of the University of Florida Law Center Association, Inc.

Ms. Krentzman served from 1997 to 2004 and from 2007 and 2014 in various capacities at Deloitte & Touche LLP, including Principal and Chief Regulatory Advisor for Asset Management Services, U.S. Mutual Fund Leader and National Director of the Investment Management Regulatory Consulting Practice. She served as General Counsel of the Investment Company Institute from 2004 to 2007.

From 1996 to 1997, Ms. Krentzman served as an Assistant Director of the Division of Investment Management—Office of Disclosure and Investment Adviser Regulation of the SEC. She also served from 1991 to 1996 in various positions with the Division of Investment Management—Office of Regulatory Policy of the SEC and from 1987 to 1991 as an Associate at Ropes & Gray LLP.

The Board believes that Ms. Krentzman’s legal background, experience in financial services and accounting and as a director of other investment companies benefits the Funds.

Anthony J. LaCava, Jr., Trustee

Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2019.

Previously, Mr. LaCava served as a member of the board of directors and as a member of the audit committee of Blue Hills Bank, a publicly traded financial institution.

Mr. LaCava retired after a 37-year career with KPMG where he served as senior partner for a wide range of firm clients across the retail, financial services, consumer markets, real estate, manufacturing, health care and technology industries. From 2005 to 2013, Mr. LaCava served as a member of the board of directors of KPMG and chair of the board’s audit and finance committee and nominating committee. He also previously served as Regional Managing Partner from 2009 through 2012 and Managing Partner of KPMG’s New England practice.

Mr. LaCava currently serves as Chairman of the Business Advisory Council of Bentley University and as a member of American College of Corporate Directors and Board Leaders, Inc.

The Board believes that Mr. LaCava’s experience in audit and financial services benefits the Funds.

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Dr. Prema Mathai-Davis, Trustee

Dr. Prema Mathai-Davis has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 1998.

PriorPreviously, Dr. Mathai-Davis served as co-founder and partner of Quantalytics Research, LLC, (a FinTech Investment Research Platform) from 2017 to her retirement in 2000, October 2019, when the firm was acquired by Forbes Media Holdings, LLC.

Dr. Mathai-Davis previously served as Chief Executive Officer of the YWCA of the USA.USA from 1994 until her retirement in 2000. Prior to joining the YWCA, Dr. Mathai-Davis served as the Commissioner of the New York City Department for the Aging. She was a Commissioner and Board Member of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York, the largest regional transportation network in the U.S. Dr. Mathai-Davis also serves as a Trustee of the YWCA Retirement Fund, the first and oldest pension fund for women, and on the advisory board of the Johns Hopkins Bioethics Institute. She was a member of the Board of Visitors of the University of Maryland School of Public Policy, and on the visiting Committee of The Harvard University Graduate School of Education.

Dr. Mathai-Davis was the president and chief executive officer of the Community Agency for Senior Citizens, anon-profit social service agency that she established in 1981. She also directed the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine-Hunter College Long-Term Care Gerontology Center, one of the first of its kind.

The Board believes that Dr. Mathai-Davis’ extensive experience in running public and charitable institutions benefits the Funds.

Joel W. Motley, Trustee

Joel W. Motley has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2019. From 2002 to 2019, Mr. Motley served on the boards of certain investment companies in the Oppenheimer Funds complex.

Since 2016, Mr. Motley has served as an independent director of the Office of Finance of the Federal Home Loan Bank System. He has served as Managing Director of Carmona Motley, Inc., a privately-held financial advisory firm, since January 2002. He previously served as a member of the Vestry of Trinity Church Wall Street.

Mr. Motley also serves as a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and its Finance and Budget Committee. He is a member of the Investment Committee and is Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Human Rights Watch and a member of the Investment Committee and the Board of Historic Hudson Valley, a nonprofit cultural organization.

Since 2011, he has served as a Board Member and Investment Committee Member of the Pulitzer Center for Crisis Reporting, a non-profit journalism organization. Mr. Motley also serves as Director and member of the Board and Investment Committee of The Greenwall Foundation, a bioethics research foundation, and as a Director of Friends of the LRC, a South Africa legal services foundation.

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Previously, Mr. Motley served as Managing Director of Public Capital Advisors, LLC, a privately held financial advisory firm, from 2006 to 2017. He also served as Managing Director of Carmona Motley Hoffman Inc. a privately-held financial advisor, and served as a Director of Columbia Equity Financial Corp., a privately-held financial advisor, from 2002 to 2007.

The Board believes that Mr. Motley’s experience in financial services and as a director of other investment companies benefits the Funds.

Teresa M. Ressel, Trustee

Teresa M. Ressel has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2017.

Ms. Ressel has previously served across bothwithin the private sector and the U.S. government.government as well as consulting. Formerly, Ms. Ressel served at UBS AG from 2004 to 2012 in various capacities, at UBS AG, including most recently as Chief Executive Officer of UBS Securities LLC, a broker-dealer division of UBS Investment Bank, and as Group Chief Operating Officer of the Americas group at UBS AG. In these roles, Ms. Ressel managed a broad array of operational risk controls, supervisory control, regulatory, compliance, and logistics functions covering the United States and Canada, as well as banking activities covering the Americas.

Between 2001 and 2004, Ms. Ressel served at the U.S. Treasury, firstinitially as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Management and& Budget and then as Assistant Secretary for Management and Chief Financial Officer. Ms. Ressel was confirmed by the U.S. Senate and handleshandled a broad array of management duties at the Department, including finance, & accounting, operational risk, audit and performance measurement along with information technology and infrastructureinformation security.

Ms. Ressel currently serves as a member of the board of directors and as a member of the audit committee of ON Semiconductor Corporation, a publicly traded technology company. Ms. Ressel currently chairs their Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. ON Semiconductor is a leading supplier of semiconductor-based solutions, many of which reduce global energy use. She has served on the ON Semiconductor board since 2012.

From 2014 to 2017, Ms. Ressel also served on the board of directors at Atlantic Power Corporation, a publicly traded company which owns and operateswith a diverse fleet of power generation assets. From 2012 to 2020, Ms. Ressel served on the board of directors of ON Semiconductor, a publicly traded manufacturer of semiconductors.

Since 2017, Ms. Ressel has served as a director of Elucida Oncology, Inc., a biotechnology company focused on the development of therapeutics for cancer treatment. Ms. Ressel also volunteers within her community across a number of functions and serves on the United States and Canada.board of GAVI, the Global Vaccine Alliance (nonprofit) supporting children’s health.

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The Board believes that Ms. Ressel’s risk management and financial experience in both the private and public sectors benefits the Funds.

Ann Barnett Stern, Trustee

Ann Barnett Stern has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2017.

Ms. Stern is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of Houston Endowment Inc., a private philanthropic institution. She has served in this capacity since

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2012. Formerly, Ms. Stern served in various capacities at Texas Children’s Hospital from 2003 to 2012, including General Counsel and Executive Vice President.

Previously, Ms. Stern is also currentlyserved as a member of the Dallas Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, a role she has held since 2013.from 2013 through 2019.

The Board believes that Ms. Stern’s knowledge of financial services and investment management and her experience as a director, and other professional experience gained through her prior employment benefit the Funds.

Raymond Stickel, Jr., Trustee

Raymond Stickel, Jr. has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2005.

Mr. Stickel retired after a35-year career with Deloitte & Touche. For the last five years of his career, he was the managing partner of the investment management practice for the New York, New Jersey and Connecticut region. In addition to his management role, he directed audit and tax services for several mutual fund clients.

Mr. Stickel began his career with Touche Ross & Co. (the Firm) in Dayton, Ohio, became a partner in 1976 and managing partner of the office in 1985. He also started and developed an investment management practice in the Dayton office that grew to become a significant source of investment management talent for the Firm. In Ohio, he served as the audit partner on numerous mutual funds and on public and privately held companies in other industries. Mr. Stickel has also served on the Firm’s Accounting and Auditing Executive Committee.

The Board believes that Mr. Stickel’s experience as a partner in a large accounting firm working with investment managers and investment companies benefits the Funds.

Robert C. Troccoli, Trustee

Robert C. Troccoli has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2016.

Mr. Troccoli retired in 2010 after a39-year career with KPMG LLP. SinceLLP (“KPMG”), where he served as a senior Partner. From 2013 to 2017, he has beenwas an adjunct professor at the University of Denver’s Daniels College of Business.

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Mr. Troccoli’s leadership roles during his career with KPMG included managing partner and partner in charge of the Denver office’s Financial Services Practice. He served regulated investment companies, investment advisors, private partnerships, private equity funds, sovereign wealth funds, and financial services companies. Toward the end of his career, Mr. Troccoli was a founding member of KPMG’s Private Equity Group in New York City, where he served private equity firms and sovereign wealth funds. Mr. Troccoli also served mutual fund clients along with several large private equity firms as Global Lead Partner of KPMG’s Private Equity Group.

The Board believes that Mr. Troccoli’s experience as a partner in a large accounting firm and his knowledge of investment companies, investment advisors, and private equity firms benefits the Funds.

Christopher L. Wilson,Daniel S. Vandivort, Trustee

Christopher L. WilsonDaniel S. Vandivort has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2017.

Mr. Wilson started a career in the investment management business in 1980. From 2004 to 2009, Mr. Wilson served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Columbia Funds, a mutual fund complex with over $350 billion in assets. From 2009 to 2017, Mr. Wilson served as a Managing Partner of CT2, LLC, an early stage investing and consulting firm forstart-up companies.

2019. From 2014 to 2016,2019, Mr. WilsonVandivort served on the boards of certain investment companies in the Oppenheimer Funds complex.

Mr. Vandivort also served as Chairman and Lead Independent Director, Chairman of the Audit and Finance Committee and Director of Value Line Funds from 2008 through 2014.

Mr. Vandivort is currently a Trustee on the Board of Trustees of Huntington Disease Foundation of America. He also serves as President of Flyway Advisory Services LLC, a consulting and property management company.

The Board believes that Mr. Vandivort’s experience in financial services and investment management and as a director of other investment companies benefits the Funds.

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James D. Vaughn, Trustee

James D. Vaughn has been a member of the Board of DirectorsTrustees of the mutual fund company managed by TDAM USA Inc., an affiliateInvesco Funds since 2019. From 2012 to 2019, Mr. Vaughn served on the boards of TD Bank, N.A.certain investment companies in the Oppenheimer Funds complex.

Prior to his retirement, Mr. Vaughn served as managing partner of the Denver office of Deloitte & Touche LLP, and held various positions in the Denver and New York offices of Deloitte & Touche LLP during his 32 year career.

Mr. WilsonVaughn has served as a Board member and Chairman of the Audit Committee of AMG National Trust Bank since 2005. He also currently serves as a Trustee and member of the Investment Committee of the University of South Dakota Foundation. In addition, Mr. Vaughn has served as a Board member, Audit Committee member and past Board Chair of Directors of ISO New England, Inc., the company that establishes the wholesale electricity marketJunior Achievement since 1993.

Previously, Mr. Vaughn served as Trustee and manages the electrical power grid in New England. Mr. Wilson is currently the chairChairman of the Audit and Finance Committee whichof Schroder Funds from 2003 to 2012. He also oversees cybersecurity, and a member of the systems planning committee ofISO-NE, Inc. He previously served as chaira Board Member of Mile High United Way, Boys and Girls Clubs, Boy Scouts, Colorado Business Committee for the Human ResourcesArts, Economic Club of Colorado and Compensation Committee and was a member of the Markets Committee. He has served on the ISO New England, Inc. board since 2011.Metro Denver Network.

The Board believes that Mr. Wilson’s knowledge ofVaughn’s experience in financial services and investment management, his experienceaccounting and as a director and audit committee member of other investment companies including a mutual fund company, and other professional experience gained through his prior employment benefitbenefits the Funds.

Board Role in Risk Oversight

The Board considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at its regular meetings and at regular meetings of each of the Investments Committee, Audit Committee, Compliance Committee, Governance Committee and Valuation, Distribution and Proxy OversightGovernance Committee (as further described below) (for purposes of this section only, each a “Committee” and collectively, the “Risk Committees”). These Risk Committees in turn report to the full Board and recommend actions and approvals for the full Board to take.

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The Adviser or its affiliates, prepares regular reports that address certain investment, valuation and compliance matters, and the Board as a whole or the Risk Committees also receive special written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues at the request of the Board, a Risk Committee or the Senior Officer.

The Investments Committee and itssub-committees receive regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Funds. In addition, Invesco’s Chief Investment Officers and the portfolio managers of the Funds meet regularly with the Investments Committee or itssub-committees to discuss portfolio performance, including investment risk, such as the impact on the Funds of investments in particular types of securities or instruments, such as derivatives. To the extent that a Fund changes a particular investment strategy that could have a material impact on the Fund’s risk profile, the Board generally is consulted in advance with respect to such change.

The Audit Committee is apprised by, and discusses with, management its policies on risk assessment and risk management. Such discussion includes a discussion of the guidelines governing the process by which risks are assessed and managed and an identification of each Fund’s major financial risk exposures. In addition, the Audit Committee meets regularly with representatives fromof Invesco Ltd.’s internal audit group to review reports on their examinations of functions and processes within the AdviserInvesco that affect the Funds. The Audit Committee also oversees the valuation of each Fund’s portfolio securities and receives reports from management regarding the valuation of each Fund’s portfolio securities as consistent with the Fund’s Pricing Procedures.

The Compliance Committee receives regular compliance reports prepared by the Adviser’sInvesco’s compliance group and meets regularly with each Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “(“CCO”) to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. The Compliance Committee has

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recommended and the Board has adopted compliance policies and procedures for the Funds and for the Funds’ service providers. The compliance policies and procedures are designed to detect, prevent and correct violations of the federal securities laws.

The Governance Committee monitors the composition of the Board and each of the Riskits Committees and monitors the qualifications of the Trustees to ensure adherence to certain governance undertakings applicable to the Funds. In addition, the Governance Committee oversees an annual self-assessment of the Board and addresses governance risks, including insurance and fidelity bond matters, for the Funds.

The Valuation, DistributionInvestments Committee and Proxy Oversight Committee monitors fair valuation of portfolio securities based on managementits sub-committees receive regular written reports that include explanationsdescribing and analyzing the investment performance of the reasons for the fair valuationInvesco Funds. In addition, Invesco’s Chief Investment Officers and the methodology usedportfolio managers of each Fund meet regularly with the Investments Committee or its sub-committees to arrive atdiscuss portfolio performance, including investment risk, such as the fair value. Such reports also include information concerning illiquidimpact on the Fund of investments in particular types of securities or instruments, such as derivatives. To the extent that a Fund changes a particular investment strategy that could have a material impact on the Fund’s risk profile, the Board generally is consulted in Fund portfolios.advance with respect to such change.

Compensation of Trustees

Each Trustee who is not affiliated with Invesco is compensated for his or her services according to a fee schedule that recognizes the fact that such Trustee also serves as a Trustee of other Invesco Funds. Each such Trustee receives a fee, allocated among the Invesco Funds for which he or she serves as a Trustee that consists of an annual retainer component and a meeting fee component. The ChairmanChair of the Board and Chair of each Committee (defined

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below) andSub-Committee receive additional compensation for their services. Compensation received by the Trustees of the Funds as of fiscal year ended February 28, 201829, 2020 is shown onAnnex B hereto.

Pre-Amendment Retirement Plan for Trustees

The Trustees have adopted a Retirement Plan for the Trustees who are not affiliated with the Adviser. A description of thepre-amendment Retirement Plan follows. Annual retirement benefits are available from the Funds and/or the other Invesco Funds for which a Trustee serves (each, a “Covered Fund”), for each Trustee who is not an employee or officer of the Adviser, who either (a) became a Trustee prior to December 1, 2008, and who has at least five years of credited service as a Trustee (including service to a predecessor fund) of a Covered Fund, or (b) was a member of the Board of Trustees of a Van Kampen Fund immediately prior to June 1, 2010 (“Former Van Kampen Trustee”), and has at least one year of credited service as a Trustee of a Covered Fund after June 1, 2010.

For Trustees other than Former Van Kampen Trustees, effective January 1, 2006, for retirements after December 31, 2005, the retirement benefits will equal 75% of the Trustee’s annual retainer paid to or accrued by any Covered Fund with respect to such Trustee during the twelve-month period prior to retirement, including the amount of any retainer deferred under a separate deferred compensation agreement between the Covered Fund and the Trustee. The amount of the annual retirement benefit does not include additional

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compensation paid for Board meeting fees or compensation paid to the Chair of the Board and the Chairs and Vice Chairs of certain Board committees, whether such amounts are paid directly to the Trustee or deferred. The annual retirement benefit is payable in quarterly installments for a number of years equal to the lesser of (i) sixteen years or (ii) the number of such Trustee’s credited years of service. If a Trustee dies prior to receiving the full amount of retirement benefits, the remaining payments will be made to the deceased Trustee’s designated beneficiary for the same length of time that the Trustee would have received the payments based on his or her service or, if the Trustee has elected, in a discounted lump sum payment. A Trustee must have attained the age of 65 (60 in the event of disability) to receive any retirement benefit. A Trustee may make an irrevocable election to commence payment of retirement benefits upon retirement from the Board before age 72; in such a case, the annual retirement benefit is subject to a reduction for early payment.

If the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes at least 10 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the retirement benefit will equal 75% of the Former Van Kampen Trustee’s annual retainer paid to or accrued by any Covered Fund with respect to such Trustee during the twelve-month period prior to retirement, including the amount of any retainer deferred under a separate deferred compensation agreement between the Covered Fund and such Trustee. The amount of the annual retirement benefit does not include additional compensation paid for Board meeting fees or compensation paid to the Chair of the Board and the Chairs and Vice Chairs of certain Board committees, whether such amounts are paid directly to the Trustee or deferred. The annual retirement benefit is payable in quarterly installments for 10 years beginning after the later of the Former Van Kampen Trustee’s termination of service or attainment of age 72 (or age 60 in the event of disability or immediately in the event of death). If thea Former Van Kampen Trustee dies prior to receiving the full amount of retirement benefits, the remaining payments will be made to the deceased Trustee’s designated beneficiary or, if the Trustee has elected, in a discounted lump sum payment.

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If the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes less than 10 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the retirement benefit will be payable at the applicable time described in the preceding paragraph, but will be paid in two components successively. For the period of time equal to the Former Van Kampen Trustee’s years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the first component of the annual retirement benefit will equal 75% of the compensation amount described in the preceding paragraph. Thereafter, for the period of time equal to the Former Van Kampen Trustee’s years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the second component of the annual retirement benefit will equal the excess of (x) 75% of the compensation amount described in the preceding paragraph, over (y) $68,041 plus an interest factor of 4% per year compounded annually measured from June 1, 2010 through the first day of each year for which payments under this second component are to be made. In no event, however, will the retirement benefits under the two components be made for a period of time greater than 10 years. For example, if the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes 7 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, he or she will receive 7 years of payments under the first component and thereafter 3 years of payments under the second component, and if the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes 4 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, he or she will receive 4 years of payments under the first component and thereafter 4 years of payments under the second component.

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Amendment of Retirement Plan and Conversion to Defined Contribution Plan

The Trustees approved an amendment to the Retirement Plan to convert it to a defined contribution plan for active Trustees (the “Amended Plan”). Under the Amended Plan, the benefit amount was amended for each active Trustee to the present value of the Trustee’s existing retirement plan benefit as of December 31, 2013 (the “Existing Plan Benefit”) plus the present value of retirement benefits expected to be earned under the Retirement Plan through the end of the calendar year in which the Trustee attained age 75 (the “Expected Future Benefit” and, together with the Existing Plan Benefit, the “Accrued Benefit”). On the conversion date, the Covered Funds established bookkeeping accounts in the amount of their pro rata share of the Accrued Benefit, which is deemed to be invested in one or more Invesco Funds selected by the participating Trustees. Such accounts will be adjusted from time to time to reflect deemed investment earnings and losses. Each Trustee’s Accrued Benefit is not funded and, with respect to the payments of amounts held in the accounts, the participating Trustees have the status of unsecured creditors of the Covered Funds. Trustees will be paid the adjusted account balance under the Amended Plan in quarterly installments for the same period as described above.

Deferred Compensation Agreements

ThreeFour retired Trustees, as well as Messrs. CrockettLaCava, Motley, Troccoli, Vandivort, Vaughn and Troccoli, Ms.Wilson, Mss. Hostetler and Stern and Drs. Jones and Mathai-Davis (for purposes of this paragraph only, the “Deferring Trustees”) have each executed a Deferred Compensation Agreement (collectively, the “Compensation Agreements”). Pursuant to the Compensation Agreements, the Deferring Trustees have the option to elect to defer receipt of up to 100% of their compensation payable by the Funds, and such amounts are placed into a deferral account and deemed to be invested in one or more Invesco Funds selected by the Deferring Trustees.

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Distributions from these deferral accounts will be paid in cash, generally in equal quarterly installments over a period of up to ten (10) years (depending on the Compensation Agreement) beginning on the date selected under the Compensation Agreement. If a Deferring Trustee dies prior to the distribution of amounts in his or her deferral account, the balance of the deferral account will be distributed to his or her designated beneficiary. The Compensation Agreements are not funded and, with respect to the payments of amounts held in the deferral accounts, the Deferring Trustees have the status of unsecured creditors of the Funds and of each other Invesco Fund from which they are deferring compensation.

Board Committees

The standing committees of the Board are the Audit Committee, the Compliance Committee, the Governance Committee, the Investments Committee and the Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Voting OversightInvestments Committee (the “Committees”).

Audit Committee

The members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Arch, Crockett, StickelLaCava (Chair) and, Troccoli, Vaughn (Vice Chair), Wilson, Dr. Jones, and Mss. Hostetler and Ressel. The Audit Committee held eight meetings during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2018. The Audit Committee’s charter is available at www.invesco.com/us. Each member of the Audit Committee has been determined by the Board to be an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC. Each such audit committee financial expert is an Independent Trustee.Stern.

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The Audit Committee performs a number of functions with respect to the oversight of the Funds’ accounting and financial reporting, including: (i) assisting the Board with its oversight of the qualifications, independence and performance of the independent registered public accountants; (ii) appointing independent registered public accountants for the Funds; (iii) to the extent required,pre-approving certain audit and permissiblenon-audit services; (iv) overseeing the financial reporting process for the Funds; and (v) assisting the Board with its oversight of the integrity of the Funds’ financial statements and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.requirements that relate to the Funds’ accounting and financial reporting, internal control over financial reporting and independent audits; (vi) pre-approving engagements for non-audit services to be provided by the Funds’ independent auditors to the Funds’ investment adviser or to any of its affiliates; and (vii) overseeing the valuation of the Funds’ portfolio securities. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, the Audit Committee held six meetings. The Audit Committee’s charter is available at www.invesco.com/us. Four members of the Audit Committee have been determined by the Board to be an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC. Each such audit committee financial expert is an Independent Trustee.

Compliance Committee

The members of the Compliance Committee are Messrs. ArchFields, Motley and Vandivort, and Mss. Brown, Krentzman (Chair), Stickel, Troccoli and Wilson, and Ms. Ressel (Vice Chair). The Compliance Committee held six meetings during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2018. and Dr. Mathai-Davis.

The Compliance Committee performs a number of functions with respect to compliance matters, including: (i) if requested by the Board, reviewing and making recommendations concerning the qualifications, performance and compensation of the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer and Senior Officer; (ii) reviewing recommendations and reports made by the Chief Compliance Officer or Senior Officer of the Funds regarding compliance matters; (iii) overseeing compliance policies and procedures of the Funds and their service providers; and (iv) overseeing potential conflicts of interest that are reported to the Compliance Committee by Invesco, the Chief Compliance Officer, or the Senior Officer.Officer; (v) reviewing reports prepared by a third party’s compliance review of the Adviser; (vi) if requested by the Board, overseeing risk management with respect to the Funds, including receiving and overseeing risk management reports from the Adviser that are applicable to the Funds and their service providers; and (vii) reviewing reports by the Adviser on correspondence with regulators or governmental agencies with respect to the Funds and recommending to the Board what action, if any, should be taken by the Funds in light of such reports. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, the Compliance Committee held four meetings.

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Governance Committee

The members of the Governance Committee are Messrs. Crockett and Fields (Chair), Mss. HostetlerLaCava, Vandivort and Wilson, Ms. Stern (Vice Chair and Chair Designate) and Drs. Jones and Mathai-Davis (Vice Chair). The Governance Committee held six meetings during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2018. The Governance Committee’s charter is available at www.invesco.com/us.Mathai-Davis.

The Governance Committee performs a number of functions with respect to governance, including: (i) nominating persons to serve as Independent Trustees and as members of each Committee, and nominating the Chair of the Board and the Chair and Vice Chair of each Committee; (ii) reviewing and making recommendations to the full Board

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regarding the size and composition of the Board and the compensation payable to the Independent Trustees; and (iii) overseeing the annual self-evaluationevaluation of the performance of the Board and its Committees.Committees; (iv) considering and overseeing the selection of independent legal counsel to the Independent Trustees; (v) reviewing and approving the compensation paid to the Senior Officer; (vi) reviewing administrative and/or logistical matters pertaining to the operations of the Board; and (vii) reviewing annually recommendations from the Adviser regarding amounts and coverage of primary and excess directors and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance and allocation of premiums. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, the Governance Committee held six meetings. The Governance Committee’s charter is available at www.invesco.com/us.

When the Board has or expects to have a vacancy, the Governance Committee receives and reviews information on individuals qualified to be recommended to the full Board as nominees for election as Trustees. The Governance Committee considers candidates identified by members of the Governance Committee, the full Board and management, as well as any recommendations by shareholders (as described below), as part of this process. At times, the Governance Committee may use a third party search firm to assist with the identification of qualified candidates.

The Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by a shareholder in accordance with the Funds’ governing instruments to serve as trustees, provided: (i) that such personsubmitting shareholder is a shareholder of record, with proof of such ownership or holding reasonably satisfactory to the Funds to be provided by such record owner or nominee holder, at the time he or she submits such names and is entitled to vote at the meeting of shareholders at which trustees will be elected; and (ii) that the Governance Committee or the Board, as applicable, shall make the final determination of persons to be nominated. Notice procedures set forth in each Fund’s Bylaws require that any shareholder of a Fund desiring to nominate a trustee for election at an annual shareholder meeting must deliver to the Fund’s Secretary the nomination in writing not less than ninety (90) nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary date of the annual meeting for the preceding year.

Additional requirements regarding shareholder nominations are set forth in the Funds’ Bylaws, which are available upon request. While the Governance Committee believes that there are no specific minimum qualifications for a nominee to possess or any specific qualities or skills that are necessary, in considering a candidate’s qualifications, the Governance Committee may consider, among other things: (1) whether or not the person is an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, and is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a trustee of the Funds; (2) whether or not the person is willing to serve as, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of, a trustee; (3) whether the person can make a positive contribution to the Board and the Funds, with consideration being given to the person’s specific experience, education, qualifications and other skills; and (4) whether the person is of good character and high integrity, and whether the person has other desirable personality traits, including independence, leadership and the ability to work with other Board members. The Governance Committee has not adopted any specific policy on the issue of diversity, but will take this into account, among other factors, in its consideration of new candidates to the Board.

Under the Funds’ governing instruments, nominees must meet certain additional qualifications to qualify for nomination and service as a Trustee. Nominees may be disqualified if they engaged in disabling conduct outlined in the Funds’ Declarations of Trust. Nominees that are associated with other investment vehicles and investment advisers may not be eligible for nomination and service as a Trustee if the Board finds that such associations have conflicts of interest with the long-term best interests of the Funds, impede the ability of the nominee to perform, or impede the free-flow of information from

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management. Nominees that are acting in concert with control persons of other investment companies that are in violation of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act shall be disqualified from nomination and service as a Trustee.

Notice procedures set forth in each Fund’s Bylaws require that any shareholder of a Fund desiring to nominate a trustee for election at an annual shareholder meeting must deliver to the Fund’s Secretary notice of the shareholder’s intent to nominate in writing not less than ninety (90) nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary date of the annual meeting for the preceding year.

Investments Committee

The members of the Investments Committee are Messrs. ArchFields, Flanagan, LaCava, Motley, Troccoli, Vandivort (Vice Chair), CrockettVaughn and Wilson, Mss. Brown, Hostetler (Chair), Fields, Flanagan, Stickel, Taylor, TroccoliKrentzman, Ressel (Vice Chair) and Wilson, Mss. Hostetler, Ressel and Stern (Vice Chair) and Drs. Jones (Vice Chair) and Mathai-Davis. The Investments Committee held six meetings during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2018.

The Investments Committee’s primary purposes are to assist the Board in its oversight of the investment management services provided by the Adviser and theSub-Advisers and to periodically review Fund performance information.information, information regarding the Funds’ trading practices and such other reports pertaining to portfolio securities transactions and information regarding the investment personnel and other resources devoted to the management of the Funds and make recommendations to the Board, when applicable. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, the Investments Committee held five meetings.

The Investments Committee has established threeSub-Committees and delegated to theSub-Committees responsibility for, among other matters: (i) reviewing the performance of the Invesco Funds that have been assigned to a particularSub-Committee (for eachSub-Committee, the Designated Funds), unlessexcept to the extent the Investments Committee takes such action directly; and (ii) reviewing with the applicable portfolio managers from time to time the investment objective(s), policies, strategies, performance and risks and limitationsother investment-related matters of the Designated Funds.

Valuation, DistributionFunds; and Proxy Oversight Committee

The members(iii) being familiar with the investment objectives and principal investment strategies of the Valuation, DistributionDesignated Funds as stated in each Designated Funds’ prospectus and/or shareholder report and Proxy Oversight Committee are Messrs. Fields and Wilson, Ms. Stern and Drs. Jones (Vice Chair) and Mathai-Davis (Chair). The Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee held four meetings duringwith the fiscal year ended February 28, 2018.

The Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee performs a numbermanagement’s discussion of functions with respect to valuation, distribution and proxy voting, including: (i) reviewing reports and making recommendations tofund performance section of the full Board regarding theDesignated Funds’ valuation and liquidity methods and determinations, and annually approving and making recommendations to the full Board regarding pricing procedures and procedures for determining the liquidity of securities; (ii) reviewing the Adviser’s annual report evaluating the pricing vendors, and approving and recommending that the full Board approve changes to pricing vendors and pricing methodologies; (iii) reviewing reports and making recommendations to the full Board regarding mutual fund distribution and marketing channels and expenditures; and (iv) reviewing reports and making recommendations to the full Board regarding proxy voting guidelines, policies and procedures.periodic shareholder report.

Shareholder Communications

Shareholders may send communications to each Fund’s Board. Shareholders should send communications intended for the Board or for a Trustee by addressing the communication directly to the Board or individual Trustee and/or otherwise clearly indicating that the communication is for the Board or individual Trustee and by sending the communication to either the office of the Secretary of the applicable Fund or directly to such Trustee at the address specified for such Trustee above. Other shareholder communications received by any Fund not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be reviewed and generally responded to by management and will be forwarded to the Board only at management’s discretion based on the matters contained therein.

THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR ALL” OF THE NOMINEES.

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PROPOSAL 2: FUNDAMENTAL RESTRICTION PROPOSAL

Shareholders of Invesco Bond Fund will vote on the removal of the fundamental restriction prohibiting investments in options that are not options on debt securities or in closing purchase transactions. Specifically, shareholders of the Fund are being asked to vote to approve the removal of the fundamental restriction that states that the Fund may not “invest in puts, calls or combinations of both except that the [Fund] may write listed covered call options and cash-secured puts on debt securities and may purchase put and call options in closing purchase transactions.”

This fundamental restriction was adopted at a time when options were less prevalent in the market. Since that time, Invesco Bond Fund’s options strategy has evolved as the options market has evolved. Invesco believes that removing the fundamental restriction is in the best interest of Invesco Bond Fund and its shareholders because it will provide the Fund with additional flexibility to invest in options, which Invesco believes will aid in seeking to achieve its investment objective, as the portfolio management team is finding opportunities for generating alpha (return on investments in excess of the benchmark index) in options in the current market environment. Currently, the portfolio management team intends to use the additional flexibility to buy options on equities, equity indices and equity ETFs in order to gain exposure to investment themes not readily available in traditional fixed income markets. The portfolio management team also seeks increased flexibility to buy and sell options on fixed income instruments to enhance alpha opportunities and improve risk management.

The removal of the fundamental restriction will cause the Fund to be more susceptible to risks associated with options, including changes in the market price of the underlying reference asset, liquidity risk, and substantial losses if the options strategy is not successful. The value of an options contract, as with other derivative instruments, depends largely on (and is derived from) the value of the underlying reference asset, which may be an underlying security, currency, commodity, interest rate, index or other asset. In addition to risks relating to the underlying reference assets, the use of options may include other, possibly greater, risks, including counterparty, leverage and liquidity risks. Counterparty risk is the risk that the counterparty to the options contract will default on its obligation to pay the Fund the amount owed or otherwise perform under the contract. Options, like other derivatives, create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by holding a position in the option. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the option or the anticipated value of the underlying asset, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Options contracts may also be less liquid than more traditional investments and the Fund may be unable to sell or close out its options positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the Fund may be most in need of liquidating its options positions. Options may also be harder to value, less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Fund’s ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. The SEC has adopted new regulations related to the use of derivatives and related instruments by registered investment companies. These regulations may limit the Fund’s ability to engage in derivatives transactions, such as options contracts, and may result in increased costs. Options strategies may not always be successful. For example, options used for hedging or to gain or limit exposure to a particular market

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segment may not provide the expected benefits, particularly during adverse market conditions. The foregoing risks will be disclosed to shareholders via press release and in Invesco Bond Fund’s shareholder reports.

Additionally, as the other Invesco Funds managed by Invesco Bond Fund’s portfolio management team do not have this same or similar fundamental restriction, the removal of this restriction will promote certain investment and operational efficiencies across the Invesco Fund complex. Finally, the fundamental restriction is not required by the 1940 Act or any other state or federal law, and the Fund historically and voluntarily adopted the fundamental restriction at a time when options were less prevalent as an investment option. If shareholders approve the removal of the fundamental investment restriction, Invesco Bond Fund would remain subject to the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act and SEC interpretations regarding investments in options, as well as any limitations in its principal investment strategies.

If the Fundamental Restriction Proposal is not approved by shareholders, Invesco Bond Fund’s current fundamental investment restriction regarding options will remain in effect.

THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE FUNDAMENTAL RESTRICTION PROPOSAL.

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OTHER INFORMATION

Executive Officers of the Funds

The following information relates to the executive officers of the Funds. Each officer also serves in the same capacity for all or a number of the other investment companies advised by the Adviser or affiliates of the Adviser. The officers of the Funds are appointed annually by the Trustees and serve for one year or until their respective successors are chosen and qualified. The Funds’ officers (with the exception of Russell C. Burk and Robert R. Leveille)Todd F. Kuehl) do not receive compensation from the Funds. The Funds’ officers may also be officers or employees of the Adviser or officers of affiliates of the Adviser and may receive compensation in such capacities. The address of each officer is 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173.

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37

3038

3139

3240

Principal Shareholders of the Funds

The persons who as of the Record Date, according to publicly available filings made with the SEC, held of record 5% or more than 5% of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares of a Fund are set forth inAnnex C. To the knowledge of each Fund, no other persons own, directly or beneficially, 5% or more of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares of any Fund.

Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares

As of December 31, 2017,2020, Trustee(s) owned, directly or beneficially, Common Shares or Preferred Shares of a Fund and beneficially owned equity securities of other funds in the Invesco Fund Complex overseen by the Trustees in the dollar range amounts as specified inAnnex D.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance and Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 30(f) of the 1940 Act and Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act require each of the Funds’ Trustees, officers, investment advisers, affiliated persons of the investment advisers and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of a Fund’s equity securities to file forms with the SEC and the New York Stock ExchangeNYSE (on which the Common Shares are listed), reporting their affiliation with the Fund and reports of ownership and changes in ownership of Shares.

Based solely on aits review of thesethe copies of such forms furnished to each Fund, each Fund believes,received by it, or written representations from certain reporting persons, the Funds believe that, during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, all such filing requirements were met with respect to the bestFunds except, due to an administrative oversight, a late filing of its knowledge, that during its last fiscal year, its Trustees, officers, the Adviser and affiliated persons of the Adviser complied with all applicable filing requirements except for certain inadvertent late filings. With respect to certain Funds, initial reports on Form 3 for Gregory McGreevey (14), an officer of the Funds, were not filed on a timely basis. With respect to a Fund, a report on Form 4 relating to changes in beneficial ownershipwas made for Invesco Bond Fund on behalf of securities for Christopher Wilson (1),Matthew Brill, a trusteeportfolio manager of the Funds, was not filed on a timely basis.Invesco Bond Fund.

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Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP (“PwC”) has been selected as each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm by the Audit Committee and ratified by unanimous

33

approval of each Fund’s Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, to audit the accounts of the Funds for and during the fiscal year ending February 28, 2019.2021. The Funds do not knowAudit Committee and the Boards have been advised by PwC that neither PwC nor any of its members have any material direct or indirect financial interest of PwC in the Funds.

It is not expected that representatives of PwC will attend the Meeting. In the event representatives of PwC do attend the Meeting, they will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so and will be available to answer appropriate questions.

In accordance with the adoptedpre-approval policies and procedures (included in Annex E to this Joint Proxy Statement), the Audit Committee has preapproved all audit andnon-audit services provided to each Fund by its independent registered public accounting firm.Pre-approval by the Audit Committee of any permissiblenon-audit services is not, however, required so long as: (i) the aggregate amount of all such permissiblenon-audit services provided to a Fund constitutes not more than 5% of the total amount of revenues paid by the Fund to its independent registered public accounting firm during the fiscal year in which the permissiblenon-audit services are provided; (ii) the permissiblenon-audit services were not recognized by a Fund at the time of the engagement to benon-audit services; and (iii) such services are promptly brought to the attention of the Audit Committee and approved prior to the completion of the audit by the Audit Committee.

The Audit Committee of each Fund reviewed and discussed the last audited financial statements of each Fund with management and with PwC. In the course of its discussions, the Audit Committee discussed with PwC any relevant matters required to be discussed under Statement on Auditing Standards No. 1301 (Communications with Audit Committees). Based on this review, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of each Fund that each Fund’s audited financial statements be included in each Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the most recent fiscal year for filing with the SEC.

As disclosed above, the members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Arch, Crockett, StickelLaCava (Chair), Troccoli, Vaughn (Vice Chair), Wilson, Dr. Jones, and Mss. Hostetler and Ressel.

Auditor Independence

PwC informed the Funds that it has identified an issue related to its independence under Rule2-01(c)(1)(ii)(A) of RegulationS-X (referred to as the Loan Rule). The Loan Rule prohibits accounting firms, such as PwC, from being deemed independent if they have certain financial relationships with their audit clients or certain affiliates of those clients. Each Fund is required under various securities laws to have its financial statements audited by an independent accounting firm.

The Loan Rule specifically provides that an accounting firm would not be independent if it or certain affiliates and covered persons receives a loan from a lender that is a record or beneficial owner of more than ten percent of an audit client’s equity securities (referred to as a “more than ten percent owner”). For purposes of the Loan Rule, audit clients include the Funds as well as all registered investment companies advised by the Adviser and its affiliates, including other subsidiaries of the Adviser’s parent company, Invesco Ltd. (collectively, the “Invesco Fund Complex”). PwC informed the Funds it and certain affiliates and covered persons have relationships with lenders who hold, as record owner, more than ten percent of the shares of certain funds within the Invesco Fund Complex, which may implicate the Loan Rule.

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On June 20, 2016, the SEC Staff issued a“no-action” letter to another mutual fund complex (see Fidelity Management & Research Company et al.,No-Action Letter) related to the audit independence issue described above. In that letter, the SEC confirmed that it would not recommend enforcement action against a fund that relied on audit services performed by an audit firm that was not in compliance with the Loan Rule in certain specified circumstances. In connection with prior independence determinations, PwC communicated, as contemplated by theno-action letter, that it believes that it remains objective and impartial and that a reasonable investor possessing all the facts would conclude that PwC is able to exhibit the requisite objectivity and impartiality to report on the Funds’ financial statements as the independent registered public accounting firm. PwC also represented that it has complied with PCAOB Rule 3526(b)(1) and (2), which are conditions to the Funds relying on the no action letter, and affirmed that it is an independent accountant within the meaning of PCAOB Rule 3520. Therefore, the Adviser, the Funds and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP concluded that PwC could continue as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The Invesco Fund Complex relied upon theno-action letter in reaching this conclusion.

If in the future the independence of PwC is called into question under the Loan Rule by circumstances that are not addressed in the SEC’sno-action letter, the Funds will need to take other action in order for the Funds’ filings with the SEC containing financial statements to be deemed compliant with applicable securities laws. Such additional actions could result in additional costs, impair the ability of the Funds to issue new shares or have other material adverse effects on the Funds. The SECno-action relief was initially set to expire 18 months from issuance but has been extended by the SEC without an expiration date, except that theno-action letter will be withdrawn upon the effectiveness of any amendments to the Loan Rule designed to address the concerns expressed in the letter.Stern.

Audit Fees

For each Fund’s two most recently completed fiscal years, the aggregate fees billed to each Fund by PwC for professional services rendered for the audit of such Fund’s annual financial statements are set forth onAnnex E. All of the audit services for the fiscal years ended February 28, 20182021 and 2017February 29, 2020 were approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with itspre-approval policies and procedures.

Audit-Related Fees

For each Fund’s two most recently completed fiscal years, the aggregate fees billed to each Fund by PwC for professional services rendered for audit-related services are set forth

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onAnnex E. All of the audit-related services, which include assurance and related services by PwC that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit of a Fund, for the fiscal years ended February 28, 20182021 and 2017February 29, 2020 were approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with itspre-approval policies and procedures.

Tax Fees

For each Fund’s two most recently completed fiscal years, the aggregate fees billed by PwC and approved by the Audit Committee of each Fund for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning are set forth onAnnex E. All of the tax

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services for the fiscal years ended February 28, 20182021 and 2017February 29, 2020 were approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with itspre-approval policies and procedures.

All Other Fees

For each Fund’s two most recently completed fiscal years, the aggregate fees billed by PwC and approved by the audit committee of each Fund for professional services rendered for all other services are set forth onAnnex E. All of the other services for the two most recently completed fiscal years were approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with itspre-approval policies and procedures.

Covered Entities

For each Fund’s two most recently completed fiscal years, the aggregatenon-audit fees billed to the Adviser or any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser that provides ongoing services to the Funds (the “Covered Entities”) are set forth onAnnex E. The Audit Committee is required topre-approve services to Covered Entities to the extent that the services are determined to have a direct impact on the operations of financial reporting of the Funds. The Audit Committee also has considered whether the provision ofnon-audit services, if any, performed by PwC to the Funds and Covered Entities is compatible with maintaining PwC’s independence in performing audit services.

Proxy Solicitation Expenses

The expenses of preparing, printing and mailing these proxy solicitation materials and all other costs in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the ProposalProposals will be borne by the Funds. To the extent the expenses are not billed to a particular Fund, they will be allocated among the Funds. The Funds will also reimburse banks, brokers and others for their reasonable expenses in forwarding proxy solicitation materialmaterials to the beneficial owners of the shares of the Funds. In order to obtain the necessary quorum at the Meeting, additional solicitation may be made by mail, telephone, facsimile or personal interview by representatives of the Funds, the Adviser or its affiliates, by the transfer agent of the Funds and by dealers or their representatives. The Funds have also retained AST Fund Solutions, LLC (“AST”) a professional proxy solicitation firm,Computershare to assist in any additional proxy solicitation. The estimated cost of solicitation by ASTComputershare is approximately $1,200$1,500 per Fund.Fund, except for Invesco Bond Fund, for which the estimated cost of solicitation by Computershare is approximately $23,000. The estimated cost of solicitation for Invesco Bond Fund is higher than the other Funds because it includes solicitation costs for both Proposals.

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Shareholder Proposals

Shareholder proposals intended to be presented at the year 20192022 annual meeting of shareholders for a Fund pursuant toRule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act must be received by the Fund’s Secretary at the Fund’s principal executive offices by February 25, 2019,28, 2022, in order to be considered for inclusion in the Fund’s proxy statement and proxy card relating to that meeting. Timely submission of a proposal does not necessarily mean that such proposal will be included in the Fund’s proxy statement. If a shareholder wishes to make a proposal at the year 20192022 annual meeting of shareholders without having the proposal included in a Fund’s proxy statement, then such proposal must be received by the Fund’s Secretary at the Fund’s principal executive offices not earlier than April 11, 20198, 2022 and not later than May 11, 2019.8, 2022. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if notice of a shareholder proposal is received after May 11, 2019,8, 2022, the persons named as proxies may vote proxies held by them in their discretion on

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such proposal. Any shareholder who wishes to submit a proposal for consideration at aan annual meeting of such shareholder’s Fund should send such proposal to the respective Fund’s Secretary at 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046, Attn: Secretary. Additional requirements regarding shareholder proposals are included in the Fund’s Bylaws, which are available upon request.

General

Management of each Fund does not intend to present, and does not have reason to believe that others will present, any other items of business at the Meeting. However, if other matters are properly presented to the Meeting for a vote, the proxies will be voted upon such matters in accordance with the judgment of the persons acting under the proxies.

Failure of a quorum to be present at the Meeting for any Fund may necessitate adjournment and may subject such Fund to additional expense.

If you cannot be present in person,at the Meeting, you are requested to fill in, sign and return the enclosed proxy card(s), for which no postage is required if mailed in the United States, or record your voting instructions by telephone or via the internet promptly.

Jeffrey H. Kupor

Senior Vice President,

Chief Legal Officer and Secretary

June 25, 201828, 2021

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ANNEX A

FUNDS

The following list sets forth theclosed-end investment companies (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) participating in the Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held at 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173online via live webcast on August 9, 2018,6, 2021, at 1:2:00 p.m. Central Daylight time.Time. The name in the first column below is the legal name for each Fund. The designation in the second column is the NYSE ticker symbol of each Fund’s common shares. The ticker symbol is sometimes used to identify a specific Fund in the Joint Proxy Statement.

Each of the Funds has issued common shares of beneficial interest and such common shares of the Funds are referred to herein as the “Common Shares.” Each of the Funds, except VBF, IHIT, IHTA and IHTA,VLT, has issued preferred shares of beneficial interest with a liquidation preference per share as designated in the fourth column below, and such preferred shares of such Funds are referred to herein as the “Preferred Shares.”

A-1

A-2

ANNEX B

TRUSTEE COMPENSATION

Set forth below is information regarding compensation paid or accrued for each Trustee who was not affiliated with the Adviser during the calendar year ended December 31, 2017,2020, unless otherwise noted. The term “Invesco Fund Complex” includes each of theopen-end andclosed-end registered investment companies advised by the Adviser.

B-1

B-2

ANNEX C

SHARE OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS

As of the Record Date, according to disclosure publicly filed with the SEC, the following record owners of Common Shares or Preferred Shares of each Fund held, directly or beneficially, more than 5% of the voting securities of a class of securities of each Fund. For purposes of the 1940 Act, any person who owns, directly or through one or more controlled companies, more than 25% of the voting securities of a company is presumed to “control” such company. Accordingly, to the extent that a shareholder is identified in the following table as the beneficial owner and holder of record of more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund and has voting and/or investment power, the shareholder may be presumed to control such Fund.

As of the Record Date, according to disclosure publicly filed with the SEC, there were no record owners of Common Shares or Preferred Shares of IHTA that held, directly or beneficially, more than 5% of the voting securities of a class of securities of IHTA.